Pretreated wastewater is discharged by pipelines onto porous surfaces, allowing the wastewater to filter through the soil. The drainfield is a shallow, covered hole dug in unsuitable soil. The job of septic tank is to hold the wastewater long enough for solids to settle to the bottom and form sludge, while oil and grease float to the surface and form scum.Ĭompartments and a T-shaped outlet keep sludge and scum from exiting the tank and entering the drainfield.Īfter that, the liquid wastewater (effluent) exits the tank and flows into the drainfield. The septic tank is a watertight container that is usually buried and composed of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene. How A Typical Conventional Septic System Works:Īll water runs out of your house from one main drainage pipe into a septic tank. After that, connect the pipe to the inlet and outlet and also install the manhole slab. Use a vibrator to ascertain that it has compacted properly with no air holes or cracks. It is very important you mix the concrete is well.Īdd little water to harden the concrete. The inlet and outlet pipe are put in place before pouring the concrete. This provides the strength for the tank to hold pressure and also prevents the steel from rusting. Septic Tank Design 3 Chambers: How to Build a Septic Tank ConcreteĪ trench is dug and steel is placed where concrete is moulded on both sides to form a 4 inches thick wall. Most importantly, it is best to use plastic or reinforced concrete tanks. In addition, it should be strong enough to withstand the Earth’s movements and hold the weight of the waste. Septic Tank ConstructionĪ septic tank construction should be perfect to prevent cracking and groundwater pollution. However, due to the total volume requirement for sludge and scum accumulation, a septic tank is designed for a detention period of not less than 48 hours. The minimum sewage detention period in a septic tank is 24 hours. The septic tank design should account for the sludge holding period. This, on the other hand, increases the cost of maintenance. If the design does not account for all users, the tank will block more often and require emptying more frequently. The tank should be able to hold the total waste for all users during the detention period. The amount of sewage flow highly depends on the number of users. The table below shows capacity Viz a Vis number of users. Depending on the type of house and the number of the user, septic capacity can be customized. In addition, space for sludge and scum accumulation before emptying is also considered. The s eptic tank capacity depends on the sewage flow and detention period. Factors to Consider When Designing a Septic Tank Septic Tank Capacity/Size Some tanks may include a pump to assist in pushing water out of the septic system. Send the wastewater out to the drain field- the treated waste is released to the ground or left to percolate into the soil.The bacteria feed on solid waste and free it from pathogens. Decomposes the solids– Bacteria is used to decompose the solid waste into liquid.The solids materials remain for degrading. The wall separating the chambers allows for liquid only to move to the second chamber. Separates the solids from the liquids- The solid waste settles at the bottom of the tank.Receives the wastewater from the house- all the house wastewater goes to the septic tank through one inlet.How a Septic Tank WorksĪ septic tank works in four basic steps. In addition, it should last for decades with no problems. As a result, the drainage pipes fill more evenly and preventing premature clogging of the drains, therefore, extending their life. A wall with openings between the floor and roof of the tank separates the chambers. Some septic tank design has 2 chambers while others have 3 chambers. It has one end connected to an inlet from the toilets and sometimes an outlet connected to the drain field. The floor has a slight slope of 10 percent towards the sludge outlet. The floor and side walls are made using concrete and plastered to render a smooth surface. The two compartments interconnect above the sludge storage using pipes or square openings.Ī concrete or plastic tank is the best to use. It, therefore, perform better than the single compartment tank. The wall separating the two is about two-thirds the length away from the inlet. Larger capacities are the best fit for a two-compartment tank. It is best to construct a single compartment for small capacity septic tanks. Septic Tank Design Septic Tank Design 2-3 Chambers
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